Git is a distributed version control system DVCS designed for efficient source code management, suitable for both small and large projects. It allows multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously without overwriting changes, supporting collaborative work, continuous integration, and deployment. This Git and GitHub tutorial is designed for beginners to learn fundamentals and advanced concepts, including branching, pushing, merging conflicts, and essential Git commands. Prerequisites include familiarity with the command line interface CLI, a text editor, and basic programming concepts. Git was developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development and tracks changes, manages versions, and enables collaboration among developers. It provides a complete backup of project history in a repository. GitHub is a hosting service for Git repositories, facilitating project access, collaboration, and version control. The tutorial covers topics such as Git installation, repository creation, Git Bash usage, managing branches, resolving conflicts, and working with platforms like Bitbucket and GitHub. The text is a comprehensive guide to using Git and GitHub, covering a wide range of topics. It includes instructions on working directories, using submodules, writing good commit messages, deleting local repositories, and understanding Git workflows like Git Flow versus GitHub Flow. There are sections on packfiles, garbage collection, and the differences between concepts like HEAD, working tree, and index. Installation instructions for Git across various platforms Ubuntu, macOS, Windows, Raspberry Pi, Termux, etc. are provided, along with credential setup. The guide explains essential Git commands, their usage, and advanced topics like debugging, merging, rebasing, patch operations, hooks, subtree, filtering commit history, and handling merge conflicts. It also covers managing branches, syncing forks, searching errors, and differences between various Git operations e.g., push origin vs. push origin master, merging vs. rebasing. The text provides a comprehensive guide on using Git and GitHub. It covers creating repositories, adding code of conduct, forking and cloning projects, and adding various media files to a repository. The text explains how to push projects, handle authentication issues, solve common Git problems, and manage repositories. It discusses using different IDEs like VSCode, Android Studio, and PyCharm, for Git operations, including creating branches and pull requests. Additionally, it details deploying applications to platforms like Heroku and Firebase, publishing static websites on GitHub Pages, and collaborating on GitHub. Other topics include the use of Git with R and Eclipse, configuring OAuth apps, generating personal access tokens, and setting up GitLab repositories. The text covers various topics related to Git, GitHub, and other version control systems Key Pointers Git is a distributed version control system DVCS for source code management. Supports collaboration, continuous integration, and deployment. Suitable for both small and large projects. Developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development. Tracks changes, manages versions, and provides complete project history. GitHub is a hosting service for Git repositories. Tutorial covers Git and GitHub fundamentals and advanced concepts. Includes instructions on installation, repository creation, and Git Bash usage. Explains managing branches, resolving conflicts, and using platforms like Bitbucket and GitHub. Covers working directories, submodules, commit messages, and Git workflows. Details packfiles, garbage collection, and Git concepts HEAD, working tree, index. Provides Git installation instructions for various platforms. Explains essential Git commands and advanced topics debugging, merging, rebasing. Covers branch management, syncing forks, and differences between Git operations. Discusses using different IDEs for Git operations and deploying applications. Details using Git with R, Eclipse, and setting up GitLab repositories. Explains CI/CD processes and using GitHub Actions. Covers internal workings of Git and its decentralized model. Highlights differences between Git version control system and GitHub hosting platform.
Four Cloud Deployment Models
i) Private Cloud
• The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units).
• It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.
• Companies that look for cost efficiency and greater control over data & resources will find the private cloud a more suitable choice.
• It means that it will be integrated with your data centre and managed by your IT team.
• Alternatively, you can also choose to host it externally. The private cloud offers bigger opportunities that help meet specific organizations requirements when it comes to customization.
• It's also a wise choice for mission-critical processes that may have frequently changing requirements.
ii) Public Cloud
• The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public.•
It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them.
• It also makes a great choice for companies with low-security concerns.
• Thus, you pay a cloud service provider for networking services, compute virtualization & storage available on the public internet.
• It is also a great delivery model for the teams with development and testing. Its configuration and deployment are quick and easy, making it an ideal choice for test environments.
• Most common uses of public clouds are for application development and testing, non-mission-critical tasks such as file-sharing, and e-mail service.
iii) Community Cloud
• The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations).
• It operates in a way that is similar to the public cloud. There's just one difference - it allows access to only a specific set of users who share common objectives and use cases.
• This type of deployment model of cloud computing is managed and hosted internally or by a third-party vendor. However, you can also choose a combination of all three.
• This deployment model supports multiple organizations sharing computing resources that are part of a community.
• For examples include universities cooperating in certain areas of research, or police departments within a county or state sharing computing resources. Access to a community cloud environment is typically restricted to the members of the community.
iv) Hybrid Cloud
• The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).
• While each model in the hybrid cloud functions differently, it is all part of the same architecture. Further, as part of this deployment of the cloud computing model, the internal or external providers can offer resources.
• Many organizations make use of this model when they need to scale up their IT infrastructure rapidly, such as when leveraging public clouds to supplement the capacity available within a private cloud.
• A company with critical data will prefer storing on a private cloud, while less sensitive data can be stored on a public cloud. The hybrid cloud is also frequently used for 'cloud bursting'. It means, supposes an organization runs an application on-premises, but due to heavy load, it can burst into the public cloud.
• For example, if an online retailer needs more computing resources to run its Web applications during the holiday season it may attain those resources via public clouds.
