Git is a distributed version control system DVCS designed for efficient source code management, suitable for both small and large projects. It allows multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously without overwriting changes, supporting collaborative work, continuous integration, and deployment. This Git and GitHub tutorial is designed for beginners to learn fundamentals and advanced concepts, including branching, pushing, merging conflicts, and essential Git commands. Prerequisites include familiarity with the command line interface CLI, a text editor, and basic programming concepts. Git was developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development and tracks changes, manages versions, and enables collaboration among developers. It provides a complete backup of project history in a repository. GitHub is a hosting service for Git repositories, facilitating project access, collaboration, and version control. The tutorial covers topics such as Git installation, repository creation, Git Bash usage, managing branches, resolving conflicts, and working with platforms like Bitbucket and GitHub. The text is a comprehensive guide to using Git and GitHub, covering a wide range of topics. It includes instructions on working directories, using submodules, writing good commit messages, deleting local repositories, and understanding Git workflows like Git Flow versus GitHub Flow. There are sections on packfiles, garbage collection, and the differences between concepts like HEAD, working tree, and index. Installation instructions for Git across various platforms Ubuntu, macOS, Windows, Raspberry Pi, Termux, etc. are provided, along with credential setup. The guide explains essential Git commands, their usage, and advanced topics like debugging, merging, rebasing, patch operations, hooks, subtree, filtering commit history, and handling merge conflicts. It also covers managing branches, syncing forks, searching errors, and differences between various Git operations e.g., push origin vs. push origin master, merging vs. rebasing. The text provides a comprehensive guide on using Git and GitHub. It covers creating repositories, adding code of conduct, forking and cloning projects, and adding various media files to a repository. The text explains how to push projects, handle authentication issues, solve common Git problems, and manage repositories. It discusses using different IDEs like VSCode, Android Studio, and PyCharm, for Git operations, including creating branches and pull requests. Additionally, it details deploying applications to platforms like Heroku and Firebase, publishing static websites on GitHub Pages, and collaborating on GitHub. Other topics include the use of Git with R and Eclipse, configuring OAuth apps, generating personal access tokens, and setting up GitLab repositories. The text covers various topics related to Git, GitHub, and other version control systems Key Pointers Git is a distributed version control system DVCS for source code management. Supports collaboration, continuous integration, and deployment. Suitable for both small and large projects. Developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development. Tracks changes, manages versions, and provides complete project history. GitHub is a hosting service for Git repositories. Tutorial covers Git and GitHub fundamentals and advanced concepts. Includes instructions on installation, repository creation, and Git Bash usage. Explains managing branches, resolving conflicts, and using platforms like Bitbucket and GitHub. Covers working directories, submodules, commit messages, and Git workflows. Details packfiles, garbage collection, and Git concepts HEAD, working tree, index. Provides Git installation instructions for various platforms. Explains essential Git commands and advanced topics debugging, merging, rebasing. Covers branch management, syncing forks, and differences between Git operations. Discusses using different IDEs for Git operations and deploying applications. Details using Git with R, Eclipse, and setting up GitLab repositories. Explains CI/CD processes and using GitHub Actions. Covers internal workings of Git and its decentralized model. Highlights differences between Git version control system and GitHub hosting platform.
In this tutorial, we will see how to get the complete URL of currently running pages using PHP, along with understanding their implementation through the examples. $_SERVER is a super global variable in PHP that contains the details related to the header, paths, and script locations. The status of HTTPS will be saved in the Global variable $_SERVER[‘HTTPS’]. So, using the $_SERVER[‘HTTPS’] in isset() function, that is used to check whether it exists or not. This will also tell us whether HTTPS is enabled or not. Check the value of $_SERVER[‘HTTPS’], if it is “on”, then HTTPS is enabled and we have to append “https” to the URL.
Approach: There are a few steps to get the complete URL of the currently running page which are given below:
- Create a PHP variable that will store the URL in string format.
- Check whether the HTTPS is enabled by the server. If it is, append “https” to the URL string. If HTTPS is not enabled, append “http” to the URL string.
- Append the regular symbol, i.e. “://” to the URL.
- Append the HTTP_HOST(The host to which we have requested, e.g. www.google.com, www.yourdomain.com, etc…) name of the server.
- Append the REQUEST_URI(The resource which we have requested, e.g. /index.php, etc…) to the URL string.
Note: Use isset() function to check whether HTTPS is enabled or not. The isset() function is used to check a variable exists or not.
Example 1: This example illustrates getting the url of the current page.
<?php
// Program to display URL of current page.
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] === 'on')
$link = "https";
else $link = "http";
// Here append the common URL characters.
$link .= "://";
// Append the host(domain name, ip) to the URL.
$link .= $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
// Append the requested resource location to the URL
$link .= $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
// Print the link
echo $link;
?>
Output:
https://codegyan.in/
Example 2: Getting the url of the webpage using $_SERVER[‘HTTP_HOST’] that will return the host header from the current request.
<?php
// Program to display current page URL.
$link = (isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS']
=== 'on' ? "https" : "http") .
"://" . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] .
$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
echo $link;
?>
Output:
https://codegyan.in/
The output of the above code is https://codegyan.in/ instead of https://codegyan.in/index.php. In order to fix this problem, need to replace, $_SERVER[‘REQUEST_URI’] with $_SERVER[‘PHP_SELF’].
Program 3: This example is displaying the currently executing PHP file URL.
<?php
// Program to display complete URL
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] === 'on')
$link = "https";
else $link = "http";
// Here append the common URL
// characters.
$link .= "://";
// Append the host(domain name,
// ip) to the URL.
$link .= $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
// Append the requested resource
// location to the URL
$link .= $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
// Display the link
echo $link;
?>
Output:
https://codegyan.in/index.php
Program 4: This example describes getting the complete url of the webpage.
<?php
// Program to display complete URL
$link = (isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS']
=== 'on' ? "https" : "http") . "://" .
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
// Display the complete URL
echo $link;
?>
Output:
https://codegyan.in/index.phpPHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. You can learn PHP from the ground up by following this PHP Tutorial and PHP Examples.
